Centronuclear myopathy

Centronuclear myopathy is a rare congenital genetic disorder that affects the muscles. It is also known as myotubular myopathy, and it is named after the abnormal appearance of muscle fibers under a microscope, which resembles immature or “centronuclear” muscle cells.

Centronuclear myopathy is caused by mutations in various genes that are essential for the normal function of muscle cells. These mutations can be inherited in an autosomal dominant or autosomal recessive manner. The disease can be associated with additional symptoms and diseases, such as ophthalmoplegia, cardiomyopathy, and respiratory insufficiency.

Scientific research on centronuclear myopathy is limited, and there is a need for more resources and support for advocacy and research. However, there are articles available on PubMed where you can learn more about the disease and the genes associated with it. ClinicalTrials.gov also provides information on ongoing clinical trials related to centronuclear myopathy.

For patients and families affected by centronuclear myopathy, support can be found through organizations like the Myotubular Trust and the Information Center for the Myopathies. These organizations provide resources, information, and support for individuals with the disease and their families.

In conclusion, centronuclear myopathy is a rare genetic disorder that affects muscle function. Further research is needed to understand the causes and develop effective treatments. Resources and support are available for individuals affected by the disease and their families.

Frequency

Centronuclear myopathy (CNM) is a rare genetic myopathy characterized by muscle weakness and abnormal positioning of cell nuclei in muscle fibers. It is also known as myotubular myopathy, as the abnormal distribution of nuclei resembles that seen in early-stage muscle fibers.

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The frequency of CNM in the general population is estimated to be around 1 in 50,000 to 1 in 200,000 individuals. However, the frequency may be higher or lower in certain populations or geographic regions. CNM can be inherited in an autosomal dominant, autosomal recessive, or X-linked manner, depending on the genetic cause of the condition.

Additional information on the frequency of CNM can be found in scientific articles and databases such as OMIM (Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man), which provides comprehensive information on genetic diseases. The OMIM entry for CNM (OMIM #160150) cites several studies and references on the frequency and genetic causes of the condition.

The CNM patient registry, scientific catalogs, and resources like Orphanet and PubMed also provide more information on the frequency and causes of CNM. ClinicalTrials.gov, where clinical trials related to CNM are registered, can also be a valuable resource for learning more about ongoing studies on this condition.

Centronuclear myopathies are associated with mutations in various genes, including MTM1, DNM2, BIN1, and RYR1, among others. These genes play crucial roles in muscle function and the formation of muscle fibers. Mutations in these genes can disrupt normal muscle development and lead to the characteristic abnormal positioning of nuclei in CNM.

It is important to note that CNM can also be caused by other genetic or nongenetic factors. Over 11 different genes have been associated with CNM, and new genes are still being discovered. The genetic causes of CNM can vary among individuals, even within the same family, which can make the diagnosis and genetic testing challenging.

References and citations to learn more about the frequency and causes of CNM can be found in various scientific articles, textbooks, and online resources. These resources provide valuable information and support for patients, families, and healthcare professionals involved in the management and research of this rare condition.

Causes

Centronuclear myopathy (CNM) is a rare genetic condition that affects the muscles. It is caused by abnormalities in certain genes, which can be inherited from one or both parents. CNM is also known as myotubular myopathy, because the abnormal cells seen in this condition resemble myotubes, which are normally present during fetal development.

There are several known genes that can cause CNM, including MTM1, BIN1, and DNM2. These genes provide the instructions for making proteins that are involved in the structure and function of muscle cells. Mutations in these genes can disrupt the normal development and function of muscle fibers, leading to the features of CNM.

CNM can be inherited in different ways, depending on the specific gene involved. MTM1-related CNM is inherited in an X-linked recessive manner, which means that the gene is located on the X chromosome. This form of CNM primarily affects males, although in rare cases, females may be mildly affected. BIN1-related CNM can be inherited in an autosomal recessive or autosomal dominant manner, depending on the specific mutation. DNM2-related CNM is inherited in an autosomal dominant manner.

In addition to these known genes, there may be other genes that have not yet been identified that can also cause CNM. Researchers continue to study the genetics of CNM to learn more about the causes of this condition.

CNM can also occur as a result of new mutations that are not inherited from a parent. These sporadic cases are usually caused by random changes in the DNA that occur during the formation of reproductive cells or during early embryonic development.

If you or someone you know has been diagnosed with CNM, genetic testing may be available to determine the specific genetic cause of the condition. Genetic testing can help confirm the diagnosis and provide information about the inheritance pattern, as well as provide additional information for family planning.

For more information about CNM and its causes, you can visit the following resources:

• OMIM (Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man) is a comprehensive catalog of human genes and genetic disorders.
• ClinicalTrials.gov is a database of privately and publicly funded clinical studies that are conducted around the world.
• PubMed is a searchable database of scientific articles and abstracts.
• Muscular Dystrophy Association provides information and support for individuals with centronuclear myopathies.
• A-CMTA (Advocacy for Centronuclear and Myotubular Myopathy) is a patient advocacy organization that provides resources and support for individuals and families affected by centronuclear myopathy.
• GeneTests is a publicly funded medical genetics information resource that provides information about genetic testing and genetics clinics.

Learn more about the genes associated with Centronuclear myopathy

Centronuclear myopathy (CNM) is a rare genetic condition that affects the muscles. It is characterized by muscle weakness and abnormal nuclei placement within the muscle fibers, specifically in the center of the muscle cell (hence the name “centronuclear”). CNM can be caused by mutations in several genes, which affect the function and structure of the muscle cells.

Testing for CNM can be done to identify the specific genetic mutation that is causing the condition. This can assist in confirming a diagnosis and providing additional information about the disease. Genetic testing can help determine the inheritance pattern, as CNM can be inherited in an autosomal recessive or dominant manner.

Several genes have been associated with CNM. The most common gene associated with the condition is CNM1, also known as MTM1 or myotubularin. Mutations in MTM1 are responsible for the X-linked form of CNM, which predominantly affects males.

Other genes associated with CNM include BIN1, RYR1, DNM2, and TTN. Mutations in these genes can produce varying forms of CNM and have been found in both autosomal recessive and autosomal dominant cases.

For more information about the genes associated with CNM, you can refer to the following resources:

• Genet: GeneTests (www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gtr/conditions/C0028900/)
• OMIM: Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man (www.omim.org/search/?search=centronuclear+myopathy)
• Catalog: Genetic Testing Registry (www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gtr/tests/?term=centronuclear+myopathy)

These resources provide detailed information about the genes associated with CNM, including their names, frequencies of mutations, clinical presentations, and more.

Additional research and advocacy organizations, such as the Beggs Lab and the Myotubular and Centronuclear Myopathy Patient Registry, also provide valuable information about CNM and ongoing studies related to the condition.

In conclusion, CNM is a rare genetic condition associated with mutations in various genes. Testing for these genes can assist in confirming the diagnosis, understanding the inheritance pattern, and providing additional information about the disease. Resources such as Genet, OMIM, and Catalog offer more information about the genes associated with CNM, while research organizations and patient registries provide valuable resources and support for individuals with this condition.

Inheritance

Centronuclear myopathy (CNM) is a rare congenital myopathy. Research about the inheritance of this condition has provided valuable information regarding the associated genes and mutations.

OMIM (Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man) is a comprehensive database that provides information about genetic disorders, including centronuclear myopathy. Several genes have been found to be associated with CNM, including MTM1, DNM2, BIN1, and TTN. Mutations in these genes can cause different types of CNM, such as myotubular myopathy and autosomal dominant CNM.

Studies have shown that CNM can be inherited in an autosomal dominant or autosomal recessive manner, depending on the specific gene involved. In autosomal dominant CNM, a mutation in one copy of the gene is sufficient to cause the condition. In autosomal recessive CNM, both copies of the gene must have mutations for the condition to be present.

ClinicalTrials.gov is another valuable resource for information about genetic diseases. It provides information about ongoing clinical trials and research studies related to centronuclear myopathy. This platform can provide individuals and their families with additional support, resources, and information about available genetic testing options for CNM.

Centronuclear Myopathy Center is a dedicated center that focuses on the function, causes, and treatment of centronuclear myopathies. It provides a wealth of information about the condition, including articles, research studies, and patient support materials. The center aims to improve the understanding and management of CNM through collaboration, research, and education.

In conclusion, centronuclear myopathy is a rare genetic condition associated with abnormalities in genes involved in muscle fiber function. Research studies and resources like OMIM, ClinicalTrials.gov, and the Centronuclear Myopathy Center play a crucial role in advancing the knowledge and support for individuals with CNM and their families.

Other Names for This Condition

• Centronuclear myopathy
• Myotubular myopathy
• Dowling-Degos disease
• Beggs syndrome
• Bitoun syndrome

Centronuclear myopathy is also known as myotubular myopathy, Dowling-Degos disease, Beggs syndrome, and Bitoun syndrome. These names are used interchangeably to refer to the same condition.

Centronuclear myopathy is a rare genetic disorder that affects the muscles. It is characterized by the presence of abnormal structures called centronuclei in the muscle fibers. The condition is caused by mutations in certain genes. More than 33 genes have been associated with centronuclear myopathy, which can be inherited in an autosomal dominant, autosomal recessive, or X-linked pattern.

The exact frequency of centronuclear myopathy is unknown, but it is estimated to affect between 1 in 50,000 and 1 in 200,000 individuals. The condition can occur in both children and adults.

Centronuclear myopathy is often associated with muscle weakness and impaired muscle function. Symptoms can vary widely, ranging from mild muscle weakness to severe muscle wasting. In some cases, individuals with centronuclear myopathy may have additional abnormalities, such as respiratory problems or heart abnormalities.

Diagnosis of centronuclear myopathy is typically based on clinical symptoms, muscle biopsy, and genetic testing. Genetic testing can help identify specific mutations in the genes associated with the condition.

Additional resources and support for individuals with centronuclear myopathy and their families can be found through organizations such as the Myotubular Trust, the Myotubular and Centronuclear Myopathy Patient Registry, and the Muscular Dystrophy Association.

Scientific articles and research studies on centronuclear myopathy can be found through PubMed, the Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man (OMIM) database, and the Genetic and Rare Diseases Information Center (GARD).

References:

1. Beggs AH. (2010). Centronuclear myopathies: clinical features and molecular pathogenesis. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 1184:196-202. PMID: 20146688
2. Bitoun M. (2009). Molecular genetics of centronuclear myopathies. Muscle Nerve. 39(3):292-9. PMID: 19191334
3. Dowling JJ, et al. (2012). “Centronuclear” myopathy: a remote region of interest. Neuromuscul Disord. 22(11):974-6. PMID: 22918096
4. Ongoing clinical trials on centronuclear myopathy can be found on clinicaltrialsgov.

Additional Information Resources

If you would like to learn more about Centronuclear Myopathy, the following resources provide additional information and support:

• ClinicalTrials.gov: This online registry provides information about ongoing clinical studies and trials related to Centronuclear Myopathy. You can search for studies that are currently recruiting participants or find more information about studies that have already been completed. Visit ClinicalTrials.gov.
• Genetic and Rare Diseases Information Center: This resource offers information about Centronuclear Myopathy and other rare genetic diseases. They provide in-depth articles, fact sheets, and links to support groups and advocacy organizations. Visit Genetic and Rare Diseases Information Center.
• The Myotubular and Centronuclear Myopathy Patient Registry: The registry collects information from individuals with Centronuclear Myopathy and other related conditions. By participating, individuals can contribute to research studies and be connected with support networks. Visit The Myotubular and Centronuclear Myopathy Patient Registry.

Scientific articles and research studies can also provide valuable information about Centronuclear Myopathy. Some key resources and names to search include:

• Bitoun, M., et al. (2005). Mutations in dynamin 2 cause dominant centronuclear myopathy. Nature Genetics, 37(11), 1207-1209. PubMed ID: 16227994.
• Beggs, A. H. (2010). Congenital myopathies and related disorders. Current Neurology and Neuroscience Reports, 10(2), 73-82. PubMed ID: 20425205.
• Dowling, J. J., et al. (2012). Myotubular myopathy and the neuromuscular junction: A novel therapeutic approach from mouse models. Discovery Medicine, 13(73), 371-381. PubMed ID: 22533457.

For more information and references, please visit the catalogs and databases of PubMed and Genetic Testing Registry (GTR).

Genetic Testing Information

Genetic testing is a crucial tool used to diagnose centronuclear myopathy and understand its underlying causes. By examining an individual’s genetic material, or DNA, scientists can identify specific genetic mutations that may be responsible for the development of this rare muscular disorder.

With advancements in genetic testing technologies, such as next-generation sequencing, it has become easier to analyze multiple genes simultaneously to identify abnormalities. Genes that are commonly associated with centronuclear myopathy include MTM1, DNM2, and BIN1.

These genetic mutations can affect the function of proteins involved in muscle cells, leading to abnormal structures within the muscle fibers. This results in the characteristic muscle weakness and impaired muscle function seen in individuals with centronuclear myopathy.

The frequency of these genetic mutations varies among individuals with centronuclear myopathy, with some mutations being more common than others. Research articles available on PubMed provide additional information about the specific genes and mutations associated with this condition.

It is important to note that centronuclear myopathy can also be inherited in an autosomal dominant or recessive manner, depending on the specific genes involved. Other congenital myopathies, such as myotubular myopathy, Dowling-Degos disease, and centronuclear myopathy type 2, have been found to be caused by mutations in different genes.

Patients and their families can find support and additional information about genetic testing through various resources. Some organizations provide genetic counseling, which can help individuals understand the implications of their genetic test results and make informed choices about their care.

The NIH Genetic Testing Registry (GTR) is a valuable resource for learning more about the genes and genetic tests associated with centronuclear myopathy. The GTR provides information about the availability, purpose, and limitations of genetic tests, as well as information about the laboratories that perform these tests.

In addition to the GTR, the Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man (OMIM) database also contains comprehensive information about the genes associated with this condition, as well as links to scientific research articles and patient support resources.

ClinicalTrials.gov is another valuable resource for individuals interested in genetic testing. This online registry provides information about ongoing and completed clinical trials that investigate the causes, symptoms, and treatments of various medical conditions, including centronuclear myopathy.

It is important to note that genetic testing is not always available or necessary for the diagnosis of centronuclear myopathy. Clinical features, muscle biopsies, and other diagnostic tests can also provide valuable information and help guide treatment decisions.

In summary, genetic testing plays a crucial role in diagnosing centronuclear myopathy and understanding its underlying causes. Through genetic testing, individuals and healthcare providers can identify the specific genes and mutations associated with this condition, allowing for better personalized care and management.

Genetic and Rare Diseases Information Center

The Genetic and Rare Diseases Information Center (GARD) is a program of the National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences (NCATS) at the National Institutes of Health (NIH). GARD provides reliable information on genetic and rare diseases, including Centronuclear Myopathy, to patients, their families, healthcare professionals, and researchers.

GARD offers a wide range of resources to support individuals affected by Centronuclear Myopathy. These resources include information on the causes, inheritance patterns, symptoms, and available treatments for the condition. GARD also provides links to advocacy organizations, clinical trials, and research studies related to Centronuclear Myopathy.

Causes and Inheritance

Centronuclear Myopathy is a rare genetic condition that is caused by mutations in certain genes. These genetic mutations affect the structure and function of muscle fibers, leading to muscle weakness and other symptoms associated with the condition. In some cases, the specific gene mutations responsible for Centronuclear Myopathy are not yet known.

Centronuclear Myopathy can be inherited in an autosomal dominant or autosomal recessive pattern, depending on the specific gene involved. Autosomal dominant inheritance means that an affected individual has one copy of the mutated gene and one copy of the normal gene. Autosomal recessive inheritance means that an affected individual has two copies of the mutated gene.

Frequency and Rare Diseases Registry

Centronuclear Myopathy is a rare condition, with an estimated frequency of 1 in 50,000 to 200,000 individuals. Although it is a rare disease, Centronuclear Myopathy has been found to have different frequencies in different populations. Some Centronuclear Myopathy cases may also be caused by other factors, such as exposure to certain medications or toxins.

The GARD Rare Diseases Registry (GARD-RDR) is a registry that collects information about individuals with rare diseases, including Centronuclear Myopathy. Participation in the registry can provide researchers and healthcare professionals with valuable information to learn more about Centronuclear Myopathy and develop better treatments for the condition.

Additional Information and Resources

For additional information on Centronuclear Myopathy, please visit the following resources:

• Genetics Home Reference
• PubMed
• Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man (OMIM)
• ClinicalTrials.gov

These resources provide up-to-date information on current research, clinical trials, scientific articles, and support for individuals affected by Centronuclear Myopathy. By utilizing these resources, individuals can find valuable information, guidance, and support as they navigate their journey with this rare condition.

Patient Support and Advocacy Resources

Centronuclear myopathy is a rare myopathy characterized by clinical and genetic heterogeneity.

For individuals with centronuclear myopathy and their families, there are a variety of patient support and advocacy resources available:

• Centronuclear Myopathy Patient Registry: The Centronuclear Myopathy Patient Registry is a database that collects valuable information about individuals with centronuclear myopathy. This registry can be a useful resource for individuals seeking support, information, and connection with others who have the condition.
• Centronuclear Myopathy Advocacy Organizations: There are several advocacy organizations dedicated to supporting individuals with centronuclear myopathy and their families. These organizations provide resources, education, and advocacy efforts to raise awareness about the condition and improve the lives of those affected.
• Genetic Testing and Counseling: Genetic testing can help determine the specific genetic mutation associated with centronuclear myopathy. Genetic counseling can provide individuals and families with information about inheritance patterns, recurrence risks, and available treatment options.
• Patient Support Groups: Connecting with other individuals and families affected by centronuclear myopathy can provide valuable emotional support and an opportunity to share experiences and resources. There may be patient support groups in your local area or online communities where you can connect with others who understand what you are going through.
• Clinical Trials: Participating in clinical trials can provide individuals with centronuclear myopathy an opportunity to contribute to scientific research and potentially benefit from emerging treatments. ClinicalTrials.gov is a comprehensive database that lists ongoing clinical trials for a range of diseases, including rare conditions like centronuclear myopathy.

These resources can help individuals and families affected by centronuclear myopathy find support, learn about the latest research and treatment options, and connect with others who share similar experiences.

Research Studies from ClinicalTrialsgov

The center of research studies for Centronuclear Myopathy (CNM) is ClinicalTrialsgov, a valuable resource for information on current and ongoing clinical trials related to rare diseases such as CNM. These studies aim to uncover the causes, genetic mutations, and potential treatments for this condition.

Centronuclear myopathy is a rare genetic disorder that affects the function of muscles. It is characterized by abnormally centralized nuclei in muscle fibers. Research studies from ClinicalTrialsgov have produced significant scientific information about the condition and its various causes.

One of the primary causes of CNM is mutations in specific genes, including MTM1, BIN1, DNM2, RYR1, and TTN. These genes have been extensively studied to learn more about their role in centronuclear myopathies and other related diseases.

Studies from ClinicalTrialsgov have also found associations between CNM and other myopathies such as myotubular myopathy. Understanding these associations can provide important insights into the underlying mechanisms and potential treatment options for individuals with CNM.

Advocacy groups and patient registries have played a crucial role in facilitating research on CNM. These organizations have provided additional resources, information, and support for individuals and families affected by the condition.

Research studies from ClinicalTrialsgov have contributed to the understanding of CNM and its genetic causes, resulting in the discovery of new genes associated with the condition. This information can help healthcare professionals in making more accurate diagnoses and developing targeted treatments for individuals with CNM.

References

Name	Articles	OMIM	Catalog	PubMed
Beggs	15	255200	MyoGrad	PubMed
Bitoun	10	603780	MyoGrad	PubMed

These references provide further information on specific studies, genetic discoveries, and scientific articles related to CNM. They can serve as valuable resources for individuals and healthcare professionals interested in learning more about the condition and the latest research advancements.

Catalog of Genes and Diseases from OMIM

The Catalog of Genes and Diseases from OMIM contains a comprehensive list of genes and diseases associated with Centronuclear Myopathy. Centronuclear Myopathy, also known as myotubular myopathy or X-linked myotubular myopathy, is a rare genetic disorder characterized by muscle weakness and abnormal muscle fibers.

OMIM, the Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man, is a comprehensive resource that provides information on genetic disorders and their associated genes. The catalog includes information on the genes and mutations associated with Centronuclear Myopathy, as well as the clinical features and inheritance patterns of the disease.

The genes associated with Centronuclear Myopathy include DNM2, BIN1, and MTM1. Mutations in these genes can cause the condition, leading to the abnormal structure and function of muscle fibers. The Catalog of Genes and Diseases from OMIM provides detailed information on each gene, including its function, inheritance pattern, and associated diseases.

In addition to Centronuclear Myopathy, the catalog includes information on other related myopathies, such as Myotubular Myopathy and Centronuclear Myopathy, Autosomal Dominant. These rare muscle disorders are caused by mutations in different genes and result in similar clinical features.

For more information on Centronuclear Myopathy and related conditions, the OMIM catalog provides a comprehensive collection of scientific articles and references. It also includes links to other resources, such as advocacy and patient support groups, clinical trials, and genetic testing centers.

The OMIM catalog is a valuable tool for researchers, healthcare professionals, and individuals interested in learning more about Centronuclear Myopathy and related genetic conditions. It provides a centralized source of information on the genes, mutations, clinical features, and prognosis associated with these rare diseases.

• References:
• Beggs, A. H. (2010). Myotubular myopathy: increased risk of early-onset respiratory failure following anesthesia. Journal of Child Neurology, 25(9), 1097–1103.
• Bitoun, M., et al. (2005). Mutations in dynamin 2 cause dominant centronuclear myopathy. Nature Genetics, 37(11), 1207–1209.
• Causes of Centronuclear Myopathy. (n.d.). ClinicalTrials.gov. Retrieved from https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04014004
• Centronuclear Myopathy. (n.d.). Genetic and Rare Diseases Information Center. Retrieved from https://rarediseases.info.nih.gov/diseases/3332/centronuclear-myopathy

For additional information, you can visit the OMIM website and search for “Centronuclear Myopathy.” The database provides a wealth of resources and scientific literature to support further learning and research.

Scientific Articles on PubMed

Centronuclear myopathy is a rare genetic condition that is found with a frequency of about 1 in 50,000 to 1 in 100,000 individuals. It is a congenital myopathy, meaning it is present from birth. Additional rare genetic myopathies, such as myotubular myopathy and myopathy caused by mutations in the RYR1 gene, have also been found to be associated with centronuclear features.

One study published in the journal Genet Med by Dowling et al. found that mutations in the DNM2, BIN1, and MTM1 genes are the most common causes of centronuclear myopathy, accounting for about 50% of cases. These genes play a role in the function of muscle cells and are involved in the formation and regulation of membrane structures associated with centronuclear myopathy.

Another study by Bitoun et al. found that mutations in the TTN gene can also cause centronuclear myopathy. This gene encodes for a large muscle protein called titin, which is important for muscle contraction.

There are several clinical trials currently ongoing to study the effects of different treatments for centronuclear myopathy. These trials can be found on clinicaltrials.gov, which provides information about the trials, including their purpose, eligibility criteria for participants, and contact information for those interested in participating.

In terms of inheritance, centronuclear myopathy can be inherited in different ways, depending on the specific gene mutation. It can be inherited in an autosomal dominant or autosomal recessive manner, meaning that it can be passed down from either one or both parents, respectively.

Centronuclear myopathy is also known by other names, including myotubular myopathy, centronuclear myopathy with predisposition to malignant hyperthermia, and autosomal recessive centronuclear myopathy, among others.

For more information about centronuclear myopathy and other related diseases, individuals can seek resources such as the Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man (OMIM) database, which provides comprehensive information on genetic disorders, their causes, and inheritance patterns. Advocacy organizations such as the Myotubular Trust and the MTM-CNM Family Connection can also provide support and information for individuals and families affected by centronuclear myopathy.

Overall, scientific studies and research on centronuclear myopathy have provided valuable insights into the causes, clinical features, and management of this rare genetic condition. Further research and genetic testing can help improve our understanding of the underlying mechanisms and potential treatments for centronuclear myopathy.

References

• Bitoun M, et al. Mutations in dynamin 2 cause dominant centronuclear myopathy. Nat Genet. 2005; 37(11):1207-9. PMID: 16227995.
• Beggs AH, et al. Mutations in the skeletal muscle actin gene in patients with actin myopathy and nemaline myopathy. Nat Genet. 1992; 1(2): 103-7. PMID: 1301999.
• Dowling JJ, et al. Clinical utility gene card for: centronuclear and myotubular myopathies. Eur J Hum Genet. 2012; 20(7). PMID: 22271213.
• Catalog of Genes and Diseases (2021). Genes associated with centronuclear myopathy. Retrieved from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/?term=centronuclear+myopathy
• Centronuclear Myopathy (2021). Advocacy for centronuclear & myotubular myopathies. Retrieved from: https://centronuclear.org/
• Centronuclear Myopathy (2021). Information on centronuclear myopathy. Retrieved from: https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/results?cond=Centronuclear+Myopathy
• Centronuclear Myopathy (2021). Patient registry for centronuclear myopathy. Retrieved from: https://www.cnmcn.org/
• Centronuclear Myopathy (2021). Rare Diseases. Retrieved from: https://rarediseases.org/rare-diseases/centronuclear-myopathy/
• Centronuclear Myopathy (2021). What is Centronuclear myopathy? Retrieved from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmedhealth/PMH0072872/
• Centronuclear myopathy (2021). Learn about centronuclear myopathy. Retrieved from: https://www.geneticcounselingtoolkit.com/centronuclear-myopathy
• Centronuclear Myopathy (2021). Centronuclear myopathy information and support. Retrieved from: https://www.geneticcounselingtoolkit.com/centronuclear-myopathy