Ferrous Sulfate: Benefits, Uses, Side Effects, and More

It may take one to four weeks (after you start your iron supplement) before you start to feel better. Continue to watch your symptoms and take note of side effects. If you have any questions or concerns, talk to your healthcare provider.

Iron Supplement (Ferrous Sulfate)

Ferrous sulfate is an iron supplement you may use to treat iron-deficiency anemia. You may need ferrous sulfate if you don’t get enough iron through the foods you eat. Ferrous sulfate comes in tablet and liquid form. Side effects may include constipation, stomach cramps and other digestive issues. Only take an iron supplement as directed.

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What is ferrous sulfate?

Ferrous sulfate is a type of iron supplement. You normally get all the iron you need from the foods you eat. Your healthcare provider may recommend ferrous sulfate if you don’t get enough iron in your diet. Iron supplements can be especially beneficial for women or people assigned female at birth.

What is iron?

Iron is one of the minerals your body needs to function properly. Your body needs iron to produce hemoglobin and myoglobin. Hemoglobin is a protein in your red blood cells. Hemoglobin helps your blood carry oxygen from your lungs to all your body‘s tissues and organs. Myoglobin is a protein in your muscles and helps supply oxygen to the cells in your muscles.

If you don’t have enough iron, your body can’t make these proteins, and you may develop iron-deficiency anemia. Iron-deficiency anemia is the most common type of anemia. Anemia is a blood disorder in which your body doesn’t have enough red blood cells

What is iron-deficiency anemia?

Iron-deficiency anemia can occur if you don’t have enough iron in your body. The condition develops when you lack the iron that your red blood cells need. Factors that can lower your body’s supply of iron include:

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Blood loss

You lose iron when you lose blood. You can lose blood in many ways:

• Heavy bleeding during monthly periods or childbirth.
• Conditions such as ulcers, inflammatory bowel disease and celiac disease can cause gastrointestinal tract bleeding.
• Medications such as nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDS) that may cause gastrointestinal tract bleeding.
• Surgeries and traumatic injuries.
• Bleeding in your urinary tract.

Issues with absorbing iron

Some health conditions and medications can decrease your body’s ability to absorb iron. These may include:

• Rare genetic disorders that block your intestines from absorbing iron.
• Endurance sports that cause athletes to lose iron through their gastrointestinal tracts.
• Certain digestive conditions such as ulcerative colitis and Crohn’s disease.
• Intestine and stomach surgeries, including weight loss surgery.
• Conditions that can destroy too many red blood cells (certain infections, autoimmune diseases and inherited blood cell disorders).

Iron-deficiency anemia can also happen if your diet doesn’t have enough iron in it or if you have an increase in your body’s need for iron (for instance, during pregnancy).

What are the symptoms of iron-deficiency anemia?

You may not have any symptoms if you have a mild case of iron-deficiency anemia. Symptoms of more severe cases of the condition may include:

• Feeling tired (fatigue).
• Pale skin.
• Difficulty breathing.
• Chest pain.
• Fast heartbeat.
• Dizziness.
• Headache.
• Feeling cold (including the sensation that your hands or feet are colder than usual).
• Infections (caused by problems with your immune system).
• Craving for nonfood items such as ice or dirt.
• Restless legs in which you have a strong urge to move your legs.

Who is most likely to develop iron-deficiency anemia?

Anyone can develop iron-deficiency anemia, although the following groups have a higher risk:

• Menstruating and pregnant people.
• Frequent blood donors.
• People who have kidney failure (especially if they are on dialysis), because they have trouble making red blood cells.
• Premature babies or infants with low birth weights.
• People with certain cancers or heart failure.

How is anemia diagnosed?

Your healthcare provider may order a blood test to check your complete blood count. The blood test will measure your hemoglobin and how many red cells are in your body. If these levels are low, your provider can make a diagnosis of anemia.

How is anemia treated?

Depending on the cause of iron-deficiency anemia, your treatment will vary. Your healthcare provider may recommend eating foods that are high in iron. They may also suggest an oral (taken by mouth) iron supplement such as ferrous sulfate. If you can’t take an oral supplement, you may need to get iron through a vein (intravenously).

What foods are high in iron?

You can find iron naturally in many foods. Many food products have also been fortified with iron. Iron-rich foods include:

• Lean meat and poultry.
• Seafood such as salmon.
• White beans, kidney beans, lentils and peas.
• Nuts and dried fruits.
• Green leafy vegetables such as spinach.
• Fortified bread and breakfast cereals.

Your body can absorb iron from plant foods better when you eat it with meat, poultry, seafood and foods that are high in vitamin C. Foods that contain a lot of vitamin C include fruits and vegetables such as oranges, strawberries, tomatoes and broccoli.

What is oral iron supplementation?

In addition to eating foods that are rich in iron, you may have to take an oral iron supplement. The benefit of an oral iron supplement is it treats your symptoms by increasing the levels of iron and hemoglobin in your body.

The iron in your body is called “elemental iron.” Oral iron supplements contain different amounts of elemental iron. When you choose a supplement, be sure to check the label to see how much elemental iron it contains. A greater amount of elemental iron means your body will absorb more iron.

What are the different types of ferrous sulfate?

There are many different types of oral iron supplements. Ferrous sulfate comes in tablet or liquid form:

• Tablets: The most common tablet size is ferrous sulfate 325 milligrams (mg). Tablets come in standard or delayed (extended) release formats.
• Liquid: You can also take ferrous sulfate as a liquid iron supplement. The liquid comes as an elixir or as drops.

How should I take iron supplements?

If your healthcare provider has recommended an iron supplement, use it only as directed. You should take the supplement on an empty stomach. Take your medication at least one hour before or two hours after you eat a meal.

If you’re using a tablet form, swallow the tablet whole. Don’t try to crush, chew or break it. If you’re using a liquid form, measure the medicine carefully. Use a dosing syringe, not a kitchen spoon. You may not get an accurate dose of the medication.

Your healthcare provider may recommend a special diet while you’re taking ferrous sulfate. Follow their instructions precisely. Store the supplement at room temperature, and keep it out of reach of children.

Other instructions to keep in mind:

• Although the supplement works best on an empty stomach, you may want to take it with food so it doesn’t upset your stomach.
• You shouldn’t take iron supplements with milk, caffeine, antacids or calcium supplements.
• Try to take your iron supplement with vitamin C (for example, a glass of orange juice) to increase absorption.

What are the side effects of ferrous sulfate?

Iron supplements can cause is constipation, so drink plenty of water. You may need to take a stool softener along with the supplement. Iron supplements can cause several other side effects. These may include:

• Heartburn.
• Loss of appetite.
• Stomach cramps.
• Nausea.
• Diarrhea.
• Dark poop (stool).

The side effects of ferrous sulfate supplements are usually temporary. They should go away as your body gets used to the medication.

What are the best iron supplements?

Your healthcare provider will help you decide what the best iron supplement is best for you. They’ll also tell you how much iron you need to take every day. The best way to take the iron supplement is through two or more doses each day. This way your body absorbs the greatest amount of iron. However, you should take extended-release iron products once a day.

When will I start to feel better?

It may take one to four weeks (after you start your iron supplement) before you start to feel better. Continue to watch your symptoms and take note of side effects. If you have any questions or concerns, talk to your healthcare provider.

How long will I have to take an oral iron supplement?

Your healthcare provider will let you know how long you have to take an iron supplement. After your hemoglobin and iron levels are back to normal, you may need to continue the iron supplement for another six months. You may have intermittent blood tests to measure your iron level.

A note from Cleveland Clinic

Ferrous sulfate is a type of iron supplement that can help you prevent or treat iron-deficiency anemia. Check with your healthcare provider before you start on any supplements. If your provider recommended you start on ferrous sulfate, make sure to follow their guidance closely. Ferrous sulfate has many benefits but it can also cause side effects. Only take an iron supplement for as long as your provider instructed. Taking more iron than your body needs can cause serious health issues.

Ferrous Sulfate: Benefits, Uses, Side Effects, and More

The iron supplement ferrous sulfate is an iron salt with the chemical formula FeSO₄.

Iron salts are one type of the mineral iron. People often use them as a supplement to treat iron deficiency.

Ferrous sulfate is also called iron sulfate, green vitriol, and iron vitriol.

This article is an overview of ferrous sulfate, its benefits and side effects, and how you can use it to treat and prevent iron deficiency.

Ferrous sulfate is just one of many forms of the metal element iron.

In its natural state, the solid mineral resembles small crystals. The crystals are typically a shade of yellow, brown, or bluish-green — hence why ferrous sulfate is sometimes called green vitriol (1).

Supplement makers use multiple types of iron in dietary supplements. Aside from ferrous sulfate, the most common are ferrous gluconate, ferric citrate, and ferric sulfate.

Most types of iron in supplements are in one of two forms — ferric or ferrous. This depends on the chemical state of the iron atoms.

The body absorbs ferrous forms of iron better than ferric forms. Thus, healthcare providers often consider ferrous forms, including ferrous sulfate, to be the best choice for iron supplements ( 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 ).

Summary

Dietary iron supplements often use ferrous sulfate, a solid crystalline form of the mineral iron.

The primary benefit of taking ferrous sulfate supplements is to maintain normal iron levels in the body.

Doing so may prevent you from experiencing iron deficiency, as well as the range of mild to severe side effects that often accompany it.

Here’s a closer look at the benefits of taking ferrous sulfate supplements.

Helps maintain normal blood iron levels

Iron is one of the most common elements on earth, and it’s an essential mineral. That means people need to consume it in their diet for optimal health.

The body primarily uses iron as part of the red blood cell proteins myoglobin and hemoglobin, which are essential for transporting and storing oxygen ( 6 ).

Iron also plays an important role in the formation of hormones, the health and development of the nervous system, and basic cell functioning ( 6 ).

Although many people consume iron as a dietary supplement, you can also find it naturally in many foods, including beans, spinach, potatoes, tomatoes, and particularly meat and seafood, including oysters, sardines, poultry, and beef ( 6 ).

Some foods, such as fortified breakfast cereals, are not naturally high in iron, but manufacturers add iron to make them a good source of this mineral ( 6 ).

Many of the highest sources of iron are animal products. Therefore, vegans, vegetarians, and people who do not consume many iron-rich foods as a part of their normal diet may benefit from taking ferrous sulfate iron supplements to help maintain their iron stores ( 7 ).

May prevent symptoms of iron deficiency

Taking ferrous sulfate supplements is a simple way to treat, prevent, or reverse low blood iron levels.

Preventing iron deficiency not only ensures that your body has enough of the essential nutrient to continue functioning properly but also can help you avoid many of the unpleasant side effects of low iron levels.

Some of the most notable side effects of low iron levels include ( 6 , 8, 9 , 10 ):

• fatigue
• headaches
• feeling weak
• low energy levels
• difficulty concentrating
• difficulty thinking clearly
• hair loss
• brittle nails
• upset stomach
• poor immunity
• heart palpitations
• restless leg syndrome
• shortness of breath
• the inability to regulate body temperature
• pica, an urge to eat nonfood items, such as paint or soap

This is a general overview — not a comprehensive list — of all the symptoms of low iron levels.

Symptoms may worsen as an iron deficiency progresses from mild to severe.

Used to treat iron deficiency anemia

Anemia is a condition that occurs when your blood has low amounts of red blood cells or hemoglobin ( 11 ).

Because iron is a critical part of the red blood cells responsible for transporting oxygen throughout the body, having iron deficiency is one of the most common causes of anemia ( 9 , 12 , 13 ).

Iron deficiency anemia (IDA) is a severe form of iron deficiency that has significant effects on the human body and may cause some of the more serious symptoms associated with iron deficiency.

One of the most common and effective treatments for IDA is taking an oral iron supplement, such as ferrous sulfate (14, 15 ).

Might improve surgical outcomes

Multiple research studies have cited having iron deficiency as a risk factor for increased rates of complications and mortality following surgery.

One study looked at the outcomes for 730 people who underwent heart surgery, including those with ferritin levels below 100 mcg per liter — a sign of iron deficiency ( 16 ).

The iron deficient participants were more likely to experience serious adverse events during surgery, including death. They also required a longer stay in the hospital, on average, after surgery ( 16 ).

Iron deficiency appears to have similar effects in other types of surgery. One study analyzed more than 227,000 surgical procedures and determined that even mild IDA prior to surgery increased the risk of health complications and mortality following the procedure ( 17 ).

Because ferrous sulfate supplements can treat and prevent iron deficiency, taking them prior to having surgery could improve the outcome and reduce the risk of complications ( 18 ).

However, it may take time to increase iron levels via supplementation.

Though oral iron supplements like ferrous sulfate are an effective way to increase iron stores in the body, a person may need to take supplements every day for 2–5 months to bring their iron stores up to normal levels ( 18 , 19 ).

Thus, people with iron deficiency who do not have multiple months to try and increase iron stores prior to surgery may not benefit from ferrous sulfate supplements and require another type of iron therapy instead ( 20 , 21 ).

Furthermore, research studies on iron therapy for people who have anemia before surgery are limited in size and scope. Scientists still need to conduct more high quality studies to investigate the best ways for people to increase their iron levels before surgery ( 21 ).

Summary

People primarily use ferrous sulfate supplements to prevent iron deficiencies, treat iron deficiency anemia, and maintain normal iron levels. The supplements may prevent the adverse side effects of iron deficiency.

At certain stages of life, some groups of people have an increased need for iron. As such, they’re at a greater risk of low iron levels and iron deficiency. Others have lifestyles and diets that may lead to low iron levels.

People at the greatest risk of having low iron levels include ( 6 , 15 ):

• infants
• children
• female adolescents
• pregnant people
• premenopausal people
• people with some chronic diseases
• people who donate blood often
• vegetarians and vegans

These groups may benefit most from ferrous sulfate supplements.

Summary

People in certain stages of life have increased iron needs and are more susceptible to iron deficiency. Children, female adolescents, pregnant people, and those with a chronic disease are some of the groups that may benefit most from ferrous sulfate.