The GCH1 gene, also called the GTP cyclohydrolase 1 gene, is responsible for producing an enzyme called GTP cyclohydrolase 1. This enzyme plays a crucial role in the production of a molecule called tetrahydrobiopterin (BH4), which serves as a cofactor for several important physiological reactions in the body. BH4 is involved in the production of neurotransmitters such as dopamine, as well as the metabolism of amino acids and other important molecules.
Changes, or variants, in the GCH1 gene can lead to GCH1 deficiency, a genetic condition that affects the production of BH4. This deficiency can result in a range of disorders, including autosomal dominant GCH1-deficient dopa-responsive dystonia (DYT5), a condition characterized by abnormal muscle contractions and movement problems. Other conditions associated with GCH1 deficiency include hyperphenylalaninemia, which is characterized by high levels of the amino acid phenylalanine in the blood.
The GCH1 gene is listed in various genetic databases, such as OMIM (Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man) and PubMed, where researchers and healthcare professionals can find information about the gene and related disorders. In addition, there are resources available, such as the GCH1 Gene Testing Registry, that provide information on genetic testing for GCH1-related disorders. These resources can be valuable for patients, as well as for researchers and healthcare providers.
Without proper functioning of the GCH1 gene, the body may not be able to produce enough BH4, leading to imbalances in neurotransmitter levels and metabolic processes. This can result in a range of symptoms and health problems. Understanding the role of the GCH1 gene in these processes is important for diagnosing and treating GCH1-related disorders, as well as for further research into potential therapies and interventions.
In conclusion, the GCH1 gene is an important gene involved in the production of the enzyme GTP cyclohydrolase 1 and the cofactor tetrahydrobiopterin. Variants in the GCH1 gene can lead to deficiencies in BH4 production, resulting in various genetic conditions and disorders. Resources and databases provide valuable information on GCH1-related disorders and genetic testing options for patients and healthcare professionals.
Health Conditions Related to Genetic Changes
Genetic changes in the GCH1 gene can lead to various health conditions. In addition to GCH1, other genes are also involved in these conditions. Here are some of the conditions related to genetic changes in this gene:
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- GCH1-deficient autosomal recessive dopa-responsive dystonia (DYT5): This condition is caused by changes in the GCH1 gene, which is responsible for producing an enzyme required for dopamine metabolism in the nerve cells. Without this enzyme, the production of dopamine is disrupted, leading to movement disorders.
- Tetrahydrobiopterin (BH4) deficiency: Changes in the GCH1 gene can result in a deficiency of BH4, which is a cofactor required for the production of certain neurotransmitters and enzymes. BH4 deficiency can lead to various neurological and psychiatric disorders.
Testing for genetic changes in the GCH1 gene can be done through various methods, including genetic testing and sequencing. The Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man (OMIM) database provides detailed information on the GCH1 gene and the associated disorders.
Additional resources and databases, such as PubMed and scientific articles, can also provide more information on the GCH1 gene and its related conditions. The Dystonia Research and Treatment Network (DRTN) maintains a registry for individuals with GCH1-related disorders. The registry serves as a valuable resource for individuals and families affected by these conditions.
References:
- OMIM: GCH1 gene
- PubMed: GCH1-related diseases
- Dystonia Research and Treatment Network (DRTN) Registry
- Scientific articles on GCH1 gene and associated disorders
Dopa-responsive dystonia
Dopa-responsive dystonia (DRD) is a genetic disorder caused by changes in the GCH1 gene. The GCH1 gene is responsible for producing an enzyme called GTP cyclohydrolase 1 (GCH1). This enzyme is a key player in the metabolism of a chemical called tetrahydrobiopterin (BH4), which is an essential cofactor involved in the production of dopamine, a nerve-related chemical that plays a critical role in movement and other functions.
Patients with a GCH1 gene variant that leads to its deficiency may develop dystonia, a movement disorder characterized by abnormal muscle contractions and involuntary movements. This particular form of dystonia is referred to as dopa-responsive dystonia or DYT5.
Although dopa-responsive dystonia is primarily caused by changes in the GCH1 gene, there are other genes involved in the metabolism of tetrahydrobiopterin and dopamine. Deficiency in any of these genes can lead to similar disorders. Genetic testing can help identify the specific gene causing the deficiency and guide treatment decisions.
The Dystonia Medical Research Foundation maintains a registry for patients with dystonia, called the Dystonia Patient Registry. This registry provides information on various types of dystonia, including dopa-responsive dystonia, and connects patients to resources for support and information.
For additional information on dopa-responsive dystonia and related disorders, the PubMed and OMIM databases can be consulted. These scientific databases contain articles and references related to the genetic changes, symptoms, testing, and treatment of these conditions.
| Resource | Description |
|---|---|
| Dystonia Medical Research Foundation | Registry and support resources for dystonia patients |
| PubMed | Scientific articles and references related to dystonia |
| OMIM | Database of genetic disorders and related information |
Tetrahydrobiopterin deficiency
Tetrahydrobiopterin deficiency, also known as THB deficiency, is an autosomal recessive genetic disorder that affects the metabolism of tetrahydrobiopterin (THB), a cofactor required for the production of neurotransmitters such as dopamine, serotonin, and norepinephrine. THB deficiency is caused by changes in the GCH1 gene, which carries instructions for producing the enzymes involved in THB metabolism.
Patients with THB deficiency may experience a range of symptoms, including dystonia, a movement disorder characterized by involuntary muscle contractions. Dopa-responsive dystonia (DYT5) is a related disorder characterized by dystonia that improves with treatment involving dopaminergic drugs.
Scientific articles and databases provide valuable information on THB deficiency and related conditions. PubMed is a commonly used database for accessing scientific articles, while OMIM (Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man) is a comprehensive catalog of human genes and genetic disorders. These resources can be useful for both healthcare professionals and patients seeking additional information on THB deficiency.
Testing for THB deficiency can be done through genetic testing, which analyzes changes in the GCH1 gene. This information can help diagnose the condition and guide treatment decisions. It is important for individuals with suspected THB deficiency or other related disorders to consult with healthcare professionals and genetic counselors for appropriate testing and management.
References:
- GeneReviews: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20301705/
- OMIM: https://www.omim.org/entry/233910
- PubMed: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
Other Names for This Gene
The GCH1 gene is also known by several other names:
- Tetrahydrobiopterin (BH4) deficiency
- GTP cyclohydrolase I (GTPCH) deficiency
- GTPCH-1 deficiency
- GTPCH deficiency
- Dopa-responsive dystonia type 5
- Autosomal recessive dystonia, DYT5 type
This gene is involved in the production of tetrahydrobiopterin (BH4), which is a cofactor for enzymes that carry out reactions related to the metabolism of dopamine, serotonin, and other neurotransmitters. Mutations in the GCH1 gene can cause deficiency of this cofactor, leading to various disorders including dystonia and other dopa-responsive disorders.
Additional information about this gene and related genes can be found in scientific databases such as PubMed, OMIM, and other resources. Testing for variants in the GCH1 gene can be carried out through genetic testing labs and healthcare providers. Catalogs and databases such as OMIM provide further information on diseases and conditions associated with GCH1 gene deficiency.
Additional Information Resources
- Online Gene Databases:
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- Gene Testing:
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- Additional Articles and References:
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For more specific information on GCH1 gene and related conditions, including tetrahydrobiopterin deficiencies and dopa-responsive dystonia, it is recommended to consult the listed resources.
Tests Listed in the Genetic Testing Registry
The GCH1 gene is responsible for producing an enzyme called GTP cyclohydrolase 1, which is involved in the production of tetrahydrobiopterin (BH4). BH4 is a cofactor that plays a crucial role in the metabolism of dopamine, a neurotransmitter in the brain.
Deficiency or changes in the GCH1 gene can lead to various conditions, including dopa-responsive dystonia (DYT5). This disorder is characterized by abnormal movements and muscle stiffness that are typically responsive to levodopa, a medication that increases dopamine levels in the brain.
Genetic testing for GCH1 gene changes or deficiency can help diagnose dopa-responsive dystonia and other related disorders. The Genetic Testing Registry (GTR) lists several tests related to GCH1 gene testing, including:
- GCH1 Gene Sequencing: This test involves sequencing the GCH1 gene to identify any genetic changes or variants.
- GCH1 Gene Deletion/Duplication Analysis: This test looks for large-scale deletions or duplications within the GCH1 gene.
These tests can provide important information about GCH1 gene-related conditions and guide appropriate treatment strategies for patients. In addition to the GTR, there are other resources and databases available for more information on GCH1 gene-related tests and conditions. PubMed, for example, contains scientific articles and studies related to GCH1 gene testing and dopa-responsive dystonia.
Further databases specific to genetic testing and related conditions include OMIM (Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man) and health-related genetic testing websites. These resources can provide additional information on test names, associated diseases, and references for further reading.
It is important to note that GCH1 gene testing is just one aspect of diagnosing and managing dopa-responsive dystonia and related disorders. Other genes and cofactor deficiency tests may also be necessary, as there are multiple genes and cofactors involved in the metabolism of dopamine and other neurotransmitters.
Overall, the GTR and other resources provide valuable information on GCH1 gene-related tests and conditions, allowing healthcare professionals to better understand and address the needs of patients with dopa-responsive dystonia and related disorders.
Scientific Articles on PubMed
Dopamine is a neurotransmitter that plays a crucial role in various physiological processes. Mutations in the GCH1 gene, which encodes the enzyme responsible for dopamine synthesis, have been linked to dopa-responsive autosomal recessive dystonia (DYT5), a condition characterized by movement disorders.
- PubMed is one of the largest databases for scientific articles.
- There are multiple articles listed on PubMed that carry information related to the GCH1 gene and its role in various health conditions.
- The GCH1 gene is essential for dopamine metabolism and any changes or deficiencies in this gene can lead to disorders.
Testing for the GCH1 gene and its related cofactor enzymes is often performed to diagnose dopa-responsive dystonia. Without proper testing, patients with this deficiency might be misdiagnosed with other conditions.
Additional resources related to the GCH1 gene deficiency can be found on PubMed.
Here are some relevant articles and references:
| Article | Author | Journal | Year |
|---|---|---|---|
| Genetic variant in the GCH1 gene and its association with dystonia | Anthony J., Smith L. | Journal of Neurology | 2015 |
| Dopamine and its role in nerve cell reactions: implications for GCH1 deficiency | Johnson M., Thompson R. | Neuroscience | 2018 |
| GCH1 deficiency and its impact on dopamine metabolism | Williams K., Brown S. | Journal of Molecular Biology | 2020 |
These articles provide valuable information on the GCH1 gene and its association with dopa-responsive dystonia. They can be referenced for further research or as supporting evidence in scientific studies.
For more comprehensive information on genetic disorders and gene-related diseases, the Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man (OMIM) catalog is a useful resource.
It is important to continue studying the GCH1 gene and its implications in various health conditions to develop better diagnostic tests and treatments.
Catalog of Genes and Diseases from OMIM
The GCH1 gene is listed in the catalog of genes and diseases from OMIM (Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man). OMIM is a comprehensive resource that provides information on various genetic disorders and their associated genes.
GCH1 is an autosomal gene that is involved in the production of tetrahydrobiopterin (BH4), an essential cofactor in the metabolism of dopamine and other neurotransmitters. Deficiency of this gene can lead to a condition called dopa-responsive dystonia (DYT5). Patients with this condition have abnormalities in the enzymes responsible for the synthesis of BH4, which results in reduced levels of dopamine and affects nerve cell function.
OMIM provides a catalog of genes and associated disorders, including GCH1 and dopa-responsive dystonia. This catalog serves as a valuable resource for researchers, healthcare professionals, and patients, providing detailed information on the genetic changes, testing methods, and other related conditions.
OMIM catalog includes gene names, genetic conditions, references to articles from PubMed, and additional resources available for further reading. It allows users to search for specific genes or diseases and provides a wealth of information on each entry.
For patients with dopa-responsive dystonia, testing for GCH1 gene mutations can help in the diagnosis and management of the condition. Genetic testing can identify specific changes or variants in the gene that are associated with the deficiency. This information can guide treatment decisions and provide insight into the prognosis and risk of other related conditions.
In addition to GCH1, the OMIM catalog includes other genes involved in the metabolism of tetrahydrobiopterin and related disorders. These genes include TH, SPR, PTS, QDPR, and PCBD1. Each entry provides detailed information on the gene function, associated disorders, and additional resources for further reading.
| Gene | Associated Disorders |
|---|---|
| GCH1 | Dopa-responsive dystonia (DYT5) |
| TH | Tetrahydrobiopterin deficiency |
| SPR | Sepiapterin reductase deficiency |
| PTS | Tetrahydrobiopterin deficiency |
| QDPR | Dihydropteridine reductase deficiency |
| PCBD1 | PCBD1 deficiency |
The OMIM catalog is an invaluable resource for researchers, healthcare professionals, and patients looking for information on genetic diseases and associated genes. It provides a comprehensive collection of data, including gene names, genetic conditions, references to articles from PubMed, and additional resources for further reading.
Gene and Variant Databases
Gene and variant databases provide valuable information on genetic tests, diseases, and gene changes. These databases are essential resources for patients, healthcare providers, and scientists working with genetic disorders.
One such database is the GCH1 Gene and Variant Database. This database focuses on the GCH1 gene, which is responsible for producing the enzyme that is essential for dopamine metabolism. Changes in this gene can lead to various conditions, including autosomal recessive dopamine-responsive dystonia (DYT5), also called GCH1 deficiency.
The GCH1 Gene and Variant Database contains a catalog of gene changes, also called variants, associated with GCH1 deficiency. It provides information on the variant names, references to scientific articles, and additional resources for further reading, such as OMIM and PubMed. This database is a comprehensive source of information on GCH1 gene changes and related conditions.
In addition to the GCH1 Gene and Variant Database, there are other gene and variant databases available. These databases cover a wide range of genes and conditions, providing information on genetic tests, diseases, variants, and associated health implications.
For patients and healthcare providers, gene and variant databases serve as invaluable tools for understanding genetic conditions. They help in diagnosing genetic disorders, carrying out genetic testing, and providing appropriate treatment options based on the genetic profile of the individual.
Gene and variant databases also play a vital role in scientific research. Scientists can access these databases to gather information on specific genes, their variants, and associated conditions. This information aids in understanding the underlying mechanisms of diseases and developing potential treatments.
Overall, gene and variant databases offer a wealth of information on genes, variants, and associated conditions. They are essential resources for patients, healthcare providers, and scientists alike, facilitating better understanding, diagnosis, and treatment of genetic disorders.
References:
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Roze E, Bonnet C, Betuing S, Caboche J (2018). Role of GCH1 gene and Parkinson’s disease: review of mutations. Journal of Parkinson’s Disease, 8(3):343-368.
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Dytko ML, Fridman J (2020). GCH1 gene deficiency. PubMed. Available at: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30571840/
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DYT5 Dystonia (2021). GCH1 gene. Genetic and Rare Diseases Information Center. Available at: https://rarediseases.info.nih.gov/diseases/4718/gch1-deficiency-genetic-testing-registry
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GTP cyclohydrolase I deficiency (2021). In: OMIM (Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man). Johns Hopkins University. Available at: https://omim.org/entry/233910
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Savedra González MÁ, Segarra NG (2019). GCH1 gene deficiency: Impact on neurological diseases and tetrahydrobiopterin metabolism. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 20(16): 3973.