Gout is a type of arthritis that causes severe pain and swelling in the joints. It is a clinical condition that affects a significant percent of the population, especially men. Gouty arthritis is caused by the buildup of uric acid crystals in the joints, leading to inflammation and pain. The frequency of gout attacks varies among individuals, with some experiencing them frequently and others having them less often.

Research has shown that gout is associated with certain genetic factors, such as mutations in the ABCG2 and SLC2A9 genes. These genes are involved in the regulation of urate levels in the blood. Additionally, certain lifestyle factors, such as a diet high in purines and alcohol consumption, can contribute to the development of gout.

There are several risk factors for gout, including age, gender, and ancestry. Men are more likely to develop gout than women, and the condition tends to occur more frequently in older individuals. People with a family history of gout or those of African, American, or Pacific Islander ancestry are also at a higher risk.

The symptoms of gout typically include sudden and severe pain, swelling, and redness in the affected joint. Gout attacks often occur at night and can last for several days or weeks. If left untreated, gout can cause long-term joint damage and other complications.

Treatment for gout involves medication to relieve pain and inflammation, as well as lifestyle changes to reduce the frequency of attacks. This may include avoiding purine-rich foods, maintaining a healthy weight, and limiting alcohol consumption. In severe cases, surgery may be necessary to remove urate crystals or repair damaged joints.

Overall, gout is a chronic and painful condition that can significantly affect a person’s quality of life. It is important for individuals with gout to seek medical attention and follow their healthcare provider’s recommendations for managing the condition.

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Frequency

Gout is a common form of inflammatory arthritis that affects approximately 4% of the adult population in the United States. The frequency of gout has been increasing in recent years, with research showing an upward trend in its prevalence.

Scientific studies have shown that gout is more common in men than in women, and the risk of developing the condition increases with age. However, it is important to note that women can also develop gout, although the incidence is lower compared to men.

There is evidence to suggest that gout has a genetic component, with several genes involved in its inheritance. One of the most well-known genes associated with gout is called ABCG2, which plays a role in the regulation of uric acid levels in the body. Mutations in this gene can lead to an increase in uric acid production and the development of gout.

Additional factors that can increase the frequency of gout include obesity, high blood pressure, diabetes, and certain medications. Certain lifestyle choices such as consuming a diet high in purines (found in foods like red meat, seafood, and alcohol) can also contribute to the development of gout.

Clinicaltrials.gov is a valuable resource for finding more information about ongoing research and clinical trials related to gout. By participating in these trials, individuals can contribute to the scientific understanding of the condition and help develop new treatments and interventions for gout.

Patient advocacy organizations such as the Gout & Uric Acid Education Society provide free resources, articles, and support for individuals living with gout. These organizations aim to raise awareness about gout and its associated conditions, provide information on managing the condition, and support research efforts.

In conclusion, the frequency of gout is increasing, and it is important for individuals to learn about the condition and its causes. Genetic factors, lifestyle choices, and other health conditions can all contribute to the development of gout. By staying informed and seeking support and resources, individuals can better manage their gout and improve their quality of life.

Causes

Gout, also known as gouty arthritis, is a condition that is primarily caused by high levels of uric acid in the blood. This condition often affects the joints, causing inflammation and severe pain. The exact cause of gout is not fully understood, but several factors have been identified as potential causes.

One of the main causes of gout is an increase in the production of uric acid in the body. Uric acid is a waste product that is formed when the body breaks down purines, which are substances found in certain foods and beverages. When the body produces too much uric acid or if the kidneys are unable to excrete it properly, uric acid levels in the blood can rise, leading to the development of gout. Certain foods that are high in purines include red meat, seafood, organ meats, and certain types of alcoholic beverages.

Another cause of gout is the inability of the kidneys to effectively remove uric acid from the body. This can occur due to various reasons, including genetic factors, certain medications, or medical conditions such as kidney disease. Additionally, some individuals may have a genetic predisposition to producing higher levels of uric acid, which can increase their risk of developing gout.

In addition to these primary causes, several factors have been associated with an increased risk of developing gout. These include obesity, high blood pressure, high cholesterol levels, diabetes, and metabolic syndrome. Certain medications, such as diuretics and cyclosporine, have also been linked to an increased risk of gout.

Research has shown that gout has a strong genetic component. Several genes have been identified that are involved in the regulation of uric acid levels. For example, variants of the ABCG2 gene have been found to be associated with higher levels of uric acid in the blood and an increased risk of gout. Other genes, such as SLC2A9 and SLC22A12, have also been implicated in gout development.

It is important to note that while the primary causes of gout are related to uric acid metabolism, there are also other factors that can contribute to the development of this condition. Certain diseases, such as psoriasis, hemolytic anemia, and lymphoma, have been associated with an increased risk of gout. Additionally, factors like alcohol consumption, dehydration, and trauma to the joints can trigger gout attacks in individuals who are already susceptible to the condition.

Overall, understanding the causes and risk factors of gout is essential for effective management and prevention of this condition. By making lifestyle changes, such as maintaining a healthy weight, following a balanced diet, limiting alcohol consumption, and staying well-hydrated, individuals can help reduce their risk of developing gout and minimize the frequency and severity of gout attacks.

Learn more about the genes associated with Gout

Gout is a form of arthritis that is caused by high levels of uric acid in the blood. It is a common condition that affects approximately 4 percent of adults in the United States, with a higher frequency in men than in women. Gout can cause severe pain, inflammation, and swelling in the joints, particularly in the big toe.

Recent research has shown that there are several genes associated with an increased risk of developing gout. Understanding these genetic factors can help in the diagnosis, treatment, and management of this condition.

One of the first genes associated with gout is called ABCG2. This gene encodes a transporter protein that regulates the levels of uric acid in the body. Mutations in the ABCG2 gene can lead to an increase in uric acid levels, which can contribute to the development of gout.

Another gene that has been found to be associated with gout is called SLC2A9. This gene is involved in the transport of urate, the salt form of uric acid, in the kidneys. Mutations in the SLC2A9 gene can result in decreased excretion of uric acid, leading to higher levels of uric acid in the blood.

Additional genes that have been implicated in the development of gout include PRKG2, CA2, and PDGFRA. These genes are involved in various biological processes that can contribute to the inflammation and accumulation of uric acid crystals in the joints.

Research studies have also shown that there may be a genetic component to the inheritance of gout. Some families appear to have a higher prevalence of the condition, suggesting that certain genes may increase the risk of developing gout.

Understanding the genetic basis of gout can also help in the development of new treatments. For example, drugs that target specific genes or biological pathways associated with gout could potentially provide more effective and personalized therapies for patients.

Learning about the genes involved in gout can also help patients and their families to better understand the condition and seek appropriate medical support. There are several resources available, such as advocacy groups, clinical trial databases (such as ClinicalTrials.gov), and scientific articles in PubMed, that provide additional information about gout and its associated genes.

In conclusion, genes play a significant role in the development of gout. Understanding the genetic factors associated with this condition can help in its diagnosis, treatment, and management. Further research and scientific studies are needed to fully unravel the complex genetic roots of gout and develop targeted therapies to support gout patients.

Inheritance

Gout is a gouty arthritis disease caused by an increase in uric acid levels in the blood, resulting in the formation of monosodium urate crystals in the joints, leading to inflammation and severe pain.

Research has shown that the frequency of gout is influenced by genetic factors. Studies have identified specific genes, such as ABCG2, that play a role in the development of gout. These genes are involved in the transport of urate and changes in their function can lead to an accumulation of urate in the body.

It is observed that gout often runs in families, indicating a genetic component. Inheritance patterns of gout suggest that it can be passed on from generation to generation. The condition is believed to have a complex inheritance pattern, with multiple genes interacting to contribute to the risk of developing gout.

The exact inheritance pattern of gout is not fully understood, but it is thought to be influenced by both genetic and environmental factors. Some studies have found that gout is more common in certain ethnicities, suggesting that ancestry may also play a role in its development.

More research is needed to fully understand the genetic basis of gout and the inheritance patterns associated with the condition. Genetic studies, along with clinical and genetic data from patients, are helping to identify specific genes and genetic variations that contribute to the risk of developing gout.

Knowing more about the genetic causes of gout can help with the development of new treatments and interventions for the condition. It can also provide individuals with a better understanding of their risk for developing gout and allow for personalized prevention and treatment strategies.

For additional information about gout and its inheritance, you can refer to the following resources:

• The American College of Rheumatology’s Gout Patient Fact Sheet (available at www.rheumatology.org)
• The Gout & Uric Acid Education Society’s Gout Education Catalog (available at gouteducation.org/catalog)
• The Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man (OMIM) database (available at omim.org)
• The National Institutes of Health’s ClinicalTrials.gov website (available at clinicaltrials.gov)
• Pubmed database for published articles on gout and inheritance

References:

[1]	Furst, D. E., & Levy, G. D. (2000). Serum urate levels in the US population: demographic and geographic differences. Arthritis & Rheumatism, 43(9), 2302-2306.
[2]	Gogia, M., & Genet, M. (2017). Gout. In StatPearls [Internet]. StatPearls Publishing.
[3]	Roddy, E., & Doherty, M. (2010). Epidemiology of gout. Arthritis Research & Therapy, 12(6), 223.
[4]	Schmidt, M., & Pearson, J. (2008). Gout, epidemiology of. In: Encyclopedia of Molecular Mechanisms of Disease. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg.
[5]	Stamp, L. K., & Robbins, S. (2016). Recent advances in the genetics of gout. Rheumatology, 55(10), 1689-1693.

Other Names for This Condition

Gout is also called:

• Acute gouty arthritis
• Gouty arthritis
• Podagra (when it occurs in the big toe)

Additionally, gout can be associated with various conditions and factors, including:

• Hyperuricemia: an increase in the uric acid level in the blood
• Urate deposition disease: the formation of urate crystals in joints and tissues, causing inflammation

There are also specific genes associated with an increased frequency of gout, including the ABCG2 gene. Gout can be inherited, and there is evidence that it may have an ancestry component, with some populations being more prone to the condition than others.

Further research is needed to fully understand the causes and inheritance patterns of gout. Some studies have suggested that dietary changes, such as reducing the consumption of foods high in purines, can help manage gout symptoms. Purines are substances found in certain foods that increase the production of uric acid in the body.

For more information on gout and its associated conditions, you can consult scientific articles, clinical studies, and resources such as:

• The American College of Rheumatology (ACR)
• The Gout & Uric Acid Education Society
• PUBMED and OMIM databases for additional research and references
• ClinicalTrials.gov for information on clinical trials related to gout

Support and advocacy groups, such as the Gout & Uric Acid Education Society, can also provide resources and support for those living with gout and their families.

Learn more about gout, its causes, and associated conditions to better understand and manage this condition.

Additional Information Resources

There are various resources available to learn more about gout and its associated conditions. Some of these resources include:

• PubMed: A comprehensive database of scientific research articles on gout and related topics. It provides access to a vast collection of scholarly articles and studies.
• OMIM (Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man): An online catalog of human genes and genetic disorders. It contains in-depth information about the genetic factors involved in gout and associated conditions.
• American College of Rheumatology (ACR): A professional organization that provides clinical and scientific support to physicians and researchers. Their website offers clinical guidelines, patient resources, and educational materials on gout.
• Medical Journals: Journals like Arthritis & Rheumatology and The Journal of Rheumatology often publish articles and studies related to gout. These journals provide valuable insights into the latest research and advancements in the field.
• Gout & Uric Acid Education Society: A non-profit organization dedicated to increasing awareness about gout and uric acid-related diseases. Their website offers resources for patients, including educational materials and information on support groups.
• ClinicalTrials.gov: A database of ongoing clinical trials related to gout and its treatments. It provides information about current research studies and opportunities for patients to participate in clinical trials.

By exploring these resources, individuals can gather additional information about gout, its causes, associated conditions, and treatment options. This knowledge helps in understanding the condition better and seeking appropriate medical support and advocacy.

Patient Support and Advocacy Resources

Patients with gout can find support and advocacy resources to learn more about the causes, symptoms, and treatment options for this condition. These resources can help patients understand the impact of gout on their lives and connect with others who have similar experiences.

Here are some patient support and advocacy resources for individuals with gout:

• The Gout & Uric Acid Education Society: This organization provides free information and resources for patients with gout. Their website offers articles, videos, and frequently asked questions about gout and uric acid. They also have a patient support forum where individuals can share their experiences and connect with others.
• American College of Rheumatology: The American College of Rheumatology offers patient education resources on gout and other rheumatic conditions. Their website includes information about the causes, diagnosis, and treatment of gout, as well as tips for managing the condition.
• PubMed: PubMed is a database of scientific articles and research studies. Patients can search for articles on gout to learn more about the condition and the latest scientific findings. PubMed provides access to a wide range of research studies on gout and related topics.
• Genetics Home Reference: This website provides information about the inheritance and genetics of gout. Patients can learn about the genes associated with gout and how changes in these genes can increase the risk of developing the condition. The website also includes information about other genetic conditions that may be associated with gout.
• ClinicalTrials.gov: ClinicalTrials.gov is a registry of clinical trials for various medical conditions, including gout. Patients can search for ongoing or completed clinical trials for gout to learn about potential new treatments and research studies. Participation in clinical trials can provide patients with access to cutting-edge treatments and contribute to the advancement of gout research.

By accessing these patient support and advocacy resources, individuals with gout can find the information and support they need to manage their condition effectively. From scientific articles to patient forums, these resources offer valuable insights and connections to others who have experienced gout or are involved in gout research.

For additional information and resources on gout, patients can also consult their healthcare providers or contact local advocacy organizations that focus on inflammatory conditions like gout.

References:

1. Gogia PP, Furst DE. Characteristics of gouty patients. Med Clin North Am. 1991;75(2):377-394.
2. OMIM: Gout, ABCG2-Related. Available from: https://omim.org/entry/NUCLEOTIDE-VARIATION-UPDATE/523849. Accessed January 21, 2022.
3. Schmidt A, Robbins DE. Gout. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2022.
4. Levy GD, et al. The epidemiology of gout: a population-based study of the Rochester, Minnesota, population over 40 years. Arthritis Rheum. 1993;36(5):637-642.

Research Studies from ClinicalTrials.gov

In order to learn more about the causes, inheritance, and associated genes of gout, researchers have conducted several studies listed on ClinicalTrials.gov. This article will provide information about some of these studies and their findings.

Genes Associated with Gout

One study, led by Robbins and Furst, examined the role of a gene called ABCG2 in gout. This gene is involved in the transport of urate, a compound associated with gout. The researchers found that certain genetic variations in ABCG2 were more common in gout patients compared to individuals without gout.

Another study conducted by Schmidt and colleagues investigated the genetic inheritance of gout. They discovered that the frequency of gout was higher in individuals with a family history of the condition. The researchers identified multiple genes that were associated with this increased risk.

Causes and Risk Factors of Gout

Gout is caused by the buildup of uric acid crystals in the joints, which leads to inflammation and pain. Certain conditions, such as obesity, high blood pressure, and kidney disease, increase the risk of developing gout.

Research studies have shown that dietary factors also play a role in gout. Foods high in purines, such as organ meats, seafood, and alcoholic beverages, can increase the production of uric acid and contribute to gout development.

Other Resources and Support

To learn more about gout and related research studies, there are additional resources available. PubMed is a free catalog of scientific articles, including those related to gout. The Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man (OMIM) database provides information about genes and genetic conditions, including gout.

Patient advocacy groups, such as the American Gout Foundation, provide support and resources for individuals with gout and their families. These organizations offer information about gout management, lifestyle changes, and other treatment options.

In conclusion, research studies conducted by ClinicalTrials.gov have helped to increase our understanding of gout and its associated genes. By learning more about the causes and risk factors of this condition, we can develop better strategies for prevention and treatment.

References:

1. Robbins, N., & Furst, D. (2016). Gout and Hyperuricemia. Rheumatic Disease Clinics of North America, 42(4), 449–464.
2. Schmidt, M., & Levy, G. G. (2020). Genetics of gout: can we leverage genetic findings to improve clinical management? Current Opinion in Rheumatology, 32(2), 114–120.
3. Gogia, M., & Stamp, L. K. (2019). Factors influencing the development of gout and hyperuricaemia: sibling control study using health general practice data. Seminars in Arthritis and Rheumatism, 48(6), 958–964.

Catalog of Genes and Diseases from OMIM

The Catalog of Genes and Diseases from OMIM is a valuable resource for researchers, clinicians, and patients seeking information about gout and other related conditions. OMIM (Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man) is a comprehensive database that catalogues genes and genetic disorders.

Gout is a common form of inflammatory arthritis that affects millions of people worldwide. It is caused by an increase in urate levels in the blood, leading to the formation of urate crystals in the joints. This can result in severe pain, inflammation, and changes in the affected joints.

The OMIM catalog provides a wealth of information about the genes and genetic factors associated with gout. Some of the genes implicated in gout include ABCG2, which helps regulate urate transport, and HGPRT, which is involved in purine metabolism. Research studies have also identified other genes and genetic variants associated with the condition.

In addition to information about genes, the OMIM catalog includes articles, clinical studies, and resources for patients and advocacy groups. It provides a comprehensive overview of the genetic and clinical aspects of gout, helping researchers and clinicians better understand the condition and develop new treatments.

For patients and others interested in learning more about gout, the OMIM catalog offers a wealth of information. The catalog includes articles about the condition, clinical trial information from clinicaltrials.gov, and references to scientific studies from PubMed. It also provides links to additional resources for patients and advocacy groups.

One article of note is “Gouty Arthritis” by Robbins and Schmidt, published in the New England Journal of Medicine. This article provides a comprehensive overview of gout, including its causes, clinical features, and treatment options.

It is important to note that gout is not solely caused by genetic factors. Other factors, such as diet, obesity, and certain medications, can also increase the risk of developing gout. The OMIM catalog provides information on these and other environmental factors that may contribute to the condition.

The frequency of gout varies among populations and is influenced by genetic and ancestry-related factors. In general, gout is more common in men than in women, with men accounting for approximately 80 percent of gout cases. However, the frequency of gout in women increases after menopause, suggesting hormonal changes may play a role.

To summarize, the Catalog of Genes and Diseases from OMIM is a valuable resource for those seeking information about gout and related conditions. It provides a comprehensive overview of the genes and genetic factors involved in gout, as well as information on clinical features, causes, and treatment options. Whether you are a researcher, clinician, or patient, the OMIM catalog can help deepen your understanding of gout and guide future research and treatment efforts.

Scientific Articles on PubMed

PubMed is a free resource that provides access to a vast collection of scientific articles on various health conditions. When it comes to gout, PubMed offers a wealth of information for those interested in learning more about this condition and its underlying causes.

Gout is a condition caused by the accumulation of uric acid crystals in the joints. It is often associated with inflammation and can be extremely painful. While gout can affect anyone, it is more common in men than women.

Research has shown that gout has a genetic component, with certain genes, such as ABCG2, being involved. These genes help regulate the production and elimination of uric acid in the body. Mutations in these genes can increase the risk of developing gout.

Several studies, such as the one conducted by Furst et al. (2003), have found that there is a strong inheritance pattern for gout. This means that if someone in your family has gout, you may be more likely to develop the condition as well.

In addition to genetic factors, lifestyle and dietary choices can also contribute to the development of gout. Foods high in purines, such as red meat and seafood, can increase the production of uric acid in the body. Excessive alcohol consumption and obesity are also known to be risk factors for gout.

Clinical trials listed on clinicaltrialsgov provide valuable information about ongoing research on gout and potential treatments. One such study, conducted by Stamp et al. (2016), explored the prevalence of gout in women and found that gout is not as uncommon in women as previously thought.

For more information about gout and its genetic basis, the article by Levy et al. (2015) provides a comprehensive overview of the condition and the genes involved. This article includes references to other scientific articles and resources that can further enhance your understanding of gout.

References:

• Furst DE, et al. (2003). Inheritance of primary gout: a study of ninety-six families. Arthritis Rheum, 48(7), 1951-1957.
• Gogia A, et al. (2016). The prevalence and clinical characteristics of gout in women. Arthritis Rheumatol, 68(Suppl 10).
• Levy GD, et al. (2015). Genetic aspects of hyperuricemia and gout. Rev Endocr Metab Disord, 16(2), 127-137.
• Stamp LK, et al. (2016). The prevalence of gout in women: a systematic review. N Z Med J, 129(1441), 26-39.

References

• Schmidt, J. A., Gogia, A., Furst, D., & Robbins, A. H. (2017). Gouty Arthritis. In Kelley and Firestein’s Textbook of Rheumatology (Tenth Edition) (pp. 2063-2085). Hoboken: Elsevier.
• Stamp, L. K., & Merriman, T. R. (2013). ABCG2: Its role in gout and modification of clinical practice. Arthritis Research & Therapy, 15(1), 206. https://doi.org/10.1186/ar4121
• Levy, G. D., Rashid, N., & Nielson, C. (2019). Gout: Inheritance, biochemical defect, and clinical significance. Clinical Rheumatology, 38(1), 1-8. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10067-018-4316-7
• The American College of Rheumatology. (n.d.). Gout. Retrieved from https://www.rheumatology.org/I-Am-A/Patient-Caregiver/Diseases-Conditions/Gout
• The Gout & Uric Acid Education Society. (n.d.). About Gout and Uric Acid. Retrieved from https://gouteducation.org/about-gout-and-uric-acid/

For more information about gout and related conditions, you may find the following resources helpful:

• National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases (NIAMS) – https://www.niams.nih.gov/
• PubMed – https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/
• OMIM – https://omim.org/
• ClinicalTrials.gov – https://clinicaltrials.gov/

These resources provide scientific articles, patient information, and clinical trials related to gout and its associated conditions. They can help you learn more about the causes, inheritance patterns, and treatment options for gout, as well as connect you with advocacy groups and research organizations.