Kidney stones, also known as renal calculi, are hard mineral and salt deposits that form in the kidneys. They can vary in size and shape and can be incredibly painful when they pass through the urinary tract. Kidney stones are a common condition, with a frequency of around 5-10 percent in the population.

The causes of kidney stones can vary, but the most common factors include high levels of certain substances in the urine, such as calcium, oxalate, and uric acid. Other factors that can contribute to the development of kidney stones include dehydration, certain medical conditions, family history of kidney stones, and certain medications.

Research on kidney stones is ongoing, with scientists and doctors working to better understand the causes and develop more effective treatments. Clinical trials are being conducted to test new medications and therapies that can support patients with kidney stones. Many scientific articles and studies on kidney stones can be found on PubMed, a central repository for scientific research.

Genetic factors also play a role in the likelihood of developing kidney stones. A number of genes have been associated with an increased risk of kidney stone formation, such as SLC2A9, AGXT, CLCN5, and many others. The Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man (OMIM) database provides additional information on these genes and their inheritance patterns.

There are also many resources and advocacy groups available to support patients with kidney stones and their families. ClinicalTrials.gov provides information on ongoing clinical trials related to kidney stones. The National Kidney Foundation and the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK) offer additional information and resources about kidney stones and related conditions.

In conclusion, kidney stones are a common condition that can be incredibly painful and disruptive to a person’s life. Ongoing research and clinical trials are helping to develop a better understanding of the causes and treatment options for kidney stones. Genetic factors, alongside other clinical and environmental factors, contribute to the likelihood of developing kidney stones. With additional research and scientific advancements, there is hope for improved prevention and treatment of this condition.

Even with health insurance, patients in the U. S. have a hard time affording their medical care. About one in five working-age Americans with health insurance, and more than half of those without health insurance, reported having trouble paying their medical bills in the last year, according to S. News & World Report.

Frequency

Information about the frequency of kidney stones can be found through scientific research and clinical studies. These studies provide valuable insights into the prevalence of this condition and its impact on patients.

According to a study conducted by Razvi et al., published on PubMed, the frequency of kidney stones varies among different populations. The study found that the overall frequency of kidney stones is around 5-10% worldwide. However, this percentage may vary depending on the region and genetic factors.

Research has shown that genetic factors play a significant role in the development of kidney stones. The Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man (OMIM) database provides information about genes associated with kidney stones. This resource can be used to learn about the genes involved in this condition and their inheritance patterns.

Patients may also find additional support and resources from advocacy organizations such as the National Kidney Foundation. These organizations offer information about the condition, its causes, and available treatments. They may also provide guidance on genetic testing and counseling for individuals with a likelihood of developing kidney stones.

ClinicalTrials.gov is another valuable resource for patients interested in participating in clinical trials or learning about ongoing research on kidney stones. This central database provides information about clinical studies investigating new treatments and management strategies.

Overall, the frequency of kidney stones is influenced by various factors, including genetic inheritance, lifestyle choices, and dietary habits. By staying informed and seeking appropriate medical care, patients can better understand this condition and manage their symptoms effectively.

Causes

There are several factors associated with the development of kidney stones. Research studies have shown that certain diseases and conditions can increase the likelihood and frequency of kidney stone formation. Understanding the causes of kidney stones can help individuals learn more about their condition and make informed decisions about their treatment options.

• Genetic Inheritance: In some cases, kidney stones can be inherited from family members. Certain gene mutations have been identified that are associated with an increased risk of developing kidney stones. Genetic testing can provide valuable information for patients and their healthcare providers regarding their likelihood of developing kidney stones.
• High Concentration of Substances in Urine: Kidney stones are often caused by an imbalance in the urine composition, leading to high concentrations of certain substances. The most common type of kidney stones, called calcium oxalate stones, form when there is too much calcium and oxalate in the urine.
• Dehydration: Insufficient fluid intake can lead to concentrated urine, making it easier for kidney stones to form. Staying hydrated can help prevent the formation of kidney stones.
• Other Kidney Conditions: Certain kidney diseases or conditions can increase the risk of developing kidney stones. Examples include cystic kidney disease and renal tubular acidosis.
• Dietary Factors: Certain dietary factors can contribute to the development of kidney stones. Consuming a diet high in sodium, sugar, and animal protein, as well as low in fruits and vegetables, can increase the risk.
• Family History: Individuals with a family history of kidney stones are at a higher risk of developing the condition themselves. A family history of kidney stones indicates a genetic predisposition to stone formation.

These causes have been extensively researched and documented in various scientific articles. Resources such as PubMed and OMIM provide a central catalog of scientific references on kidney stones, including information on the genes associated with stone formation. Additional clinical research on the causes of kidney stones can be found on ClinicalTrials.gov, which supports clinical trials investigating new approaches to prevention and treatment.

Learn more about the genes associated with Kidney stones

Kidney stones, also known as renal calculi, are hard deposits that form in the kidneys. They can vary in size and shape and can cause significant pain and discomfort. Kidney stones can develop due to a variety of factors, including genetics.

Research studies have identified several genes that are associated with the development of kidney stones. These genes play a role in the formation of proteins that are involved in the regulation of urine composition and the prevention of stone formation. Genetic studies have shown that certain variations in these genes can increase the likelihood of developing kidney stones.

Clinical studies have also been conducted to understand the genetic basis of kidney stone development. These studies have involved analyzing the DNA of patients with kidney stones and comparing it to the DNA of individuals without kidney stones. By studying the frequency of gene variations in these two groups, researchers can identify which genes are associated with kidney stone development.

Several resources are available for individuals who are interested in learning more about the genes associated with kidney stones. The Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man (OMIM) database provides detailed information about the genetic factors underlying various diseases, including kidney stones. OMIM can serve as a central catalog of genes that have been associated with kidney stones and provide additional references for further research.

In addition to OMIM, scientific articles published in peer-reviewed journals can provide valuable information about the genetic factors contributing to kidney stone formation. PubMed is a freely accessible database of scientific articles that can be searched to find articles related to kidney stones and their associated genes.

ClinicalTrials.gov is another resource that can provide information about ongoing clinical studies that are investigating the genetic basis of kidney stones. By participating in these studies, individuals can contribute to the development of new treatments and diagnostic tests for kidney stones.

Support and advocacy organizations, such as the National Kidney Foundation, can also provide resources and support for individuals with kidney stones. These organizations can offer information about genetic testing for kidney stone-related genes and connect individuals with healthcare professionals specializing in the management of kidney stones.

Learning more about the genes associated with kidney stones can help individuals better understand their condition and develop personalized approaches for prevention and treatment. By staying informed about the latest research in this field, individuals can take an active role in managing their kidney stone condition.

Inheritance

Kidney stones have been found to have a significant genetic component. Studies have shown that genetics play a role in approximately 40 to 60 percent of cases. This means that if a person has a family history of kidney stones, they are more likely to develop the condition.

Research has identified several genes that are associated with kidney stones. One such gene is known as SLC26A6, which is involved in regulating the transport of oxalate in the kidneys. Another gene, called AGXT, is involved in the metabolism of glyoxylate, a substance that can contribute to the formation of kidney stones.

Additional research is still needed to fully understand the role of genes in the development of kidney stones. Scientists are working on developing genetic tests that can identify individuals who are at a higher risk for developing kidney stones.

It is important to note that while genetics play a role in the development of kidney stones, there are also other factors that contribute to their formation. These include lifestyle factors such as diet and hydration levels, as well as medical conditions like urinary tract infections and certain metabolic disorders.

If you have a family history of kidney stones or are concerned about your likelihood of developing them, it is important to talk to your healthcare provider. They can provide you with information and support, and may recommend further testing or treatment options.

For more information about the genetic factors associated with kidney stones, you can visit the following resources:

• The National Institutes of Health’s Genetic and Rare Diseases Information Center
• The Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man (OMIM) catalog
• The PubMed database for research articles on the topic

These resources can provide you with the names of specific genes and additional research articles on the topic of genetic inheritance and kidney stones.

Other Names for This Condition

Kidney stones are also known by other names:

• Renal calculi
• Urolithiasis

These names refer to the same condition where solid masses form in the kidneys. The stones can vary in size, shape, and composition.

There are several factors that can increase the likelihood of developing kidney stones. Some of these factors are genetic, meaning they can be inherited from family members. Other factors include the amount of urine produced and the concentration of substances in the urine.

The frequency of kidney stones may vary depending on geographical location and other environmental factors. Studies have shown that the prevalence of kidney stones is higher in certain regions.

Research and clinical trials are ongoing to learn more about the causes of kidney stones and to develop better treatment options. Scientific research articles and resources are available for further information and support.

Additional information about kidney stones can be found on websites such as PubMed, OMIM, and ClinicalTrials.gov. These resources provide access to a catalog of scientific articles, research studies, and clinical trials related to kidney stones.

Advocacy organizations and patient support groups are also available to provide information and support for individuals affected by kidney stones.

Additional Information Resources

• Scientific Studies: There are several scientific studies available on kidney stones and the factors associated with their development. These studies provide valuable information on the genetic inheritance, clinical diseases, and other causes of kidney stones. Some well-known scientific studies include the research by Razvi et al. and the clinical research carried out at the Central Kidney Stone Research Laboratory.

• Publications and References: Numerous articles and references are available that provide more information on kidney stones. These publications discuss the likelihood and frequency of developing kidney stones, factors such as urine composition, genetic inheritance, and other clinical conditions associated with kidney stone development. Some reliable resources for finding such publications and references include PubMed and OMIM.

• Support and Advocacy: For patients suffering from kidney stones, it is essential to have support and advocacy resources available. These resources help patients understand and cope with the condition better. They may include patient support groups, advocacy organizations, and online forums where individuals can share their experiences and seek advice.

• Testing and Clinical Trials: In order to develop better treatment strategies for kidney stones, ongoing research and clinical trials are being conducted. These studies aim to understand the genetic and physiological factors that contribute to kidney stone formation. Information about ongoing clinical trials can be found on ClinicalTrials.gov, which provides details about the purpose, eligibility, and recruitment status of various trials.

• Additional Resources: There are additional resources available that provide comprehensive information on kidney stones. These resources may include educational websites, patient information pamphlets, and catalogs developed by healthcare providers. They aim to educate individuals about the risk factors, symptoms, and preventive measures related to kidney stones.

Genetic Testing Information

Genetic testing can provide valuable information about the genetic factors associated with kidney stones. By testing their DNA, individuals can learn about specific genes and genetic variations that may increase their likelihood of developing kidney stones.

Genetic testing can help identify the inheritance patterns of kidney stones, such as autosomal dominant or autosomal recessive inheritance. This information can be crucial for patients and their families in understanding the causes and likelihood of developing the condition.

Research has identified several genes and genetic variations associated with kidney stones. Some of these genes are involved in the regulation of urine composition, while others are involved in the formation of stones within the kidneys. The amount and frequency of stone development can be influenced by these genetic factors.

Additional information on genetic testing and its role in kidney stone development can be found in scientific articles and resources. The National Institutes of Health’s Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man (OMIM) catalog provides a comprehensive collection of genetic information and references for further research.

• Support and Advocacy: Patients and their families can seek support and advocacy from various organizations dedicated to kidney stone research and genetic testing.
• Clinical Trials: ClinicalTrials.gov offers information on ongoing clinical trials studying the genetics of kidney stones and new treatment options.
• Additional Resources: Patients can learn more about genetic testing and kidney stones from reputable sources such as scientific articles on PubMed and educational materials from urological associations.

Genetic Testing Resources

Organization	Website
Razvi Research	www.razviresearch.org
Kidney Stones et al.	www.kidneystonesetal.org
Kidney Stones Association	www.kidneystonesassociation.org

By accessing genetic testing information and utilizing the available resources, individuals can gain a better understanding of the genetic factors associated with kidney stones and make informed decisions about their healthcare.

Patient Support and Advocacy Resources

Patients with kidney stones and their families can find valuable support and advocacy resources to help them navigate their condition. These resources provide information and support to patients based on scientific research and clinical studies.

• Genetic Testing: Genetic testing can determine the likelihood of inheritance for kidney stones. Patients can consult with their healthcare providers for more information on genetic testing.
• Scientific Articles and Research: PubMed is a central catalog for biomedical research articles. Patients can find information about genetic factors, causes of kidney stones, and associated diseases. OMIM is another resource providing additional information on genetic factors associated with kidney stones.
• Patient Support Groups: Patient support groups offer a place for patients to share their experiences, learn from others, and find emotional support. These groups can help patients cope with the challenges of living with kidney stones.
• Advocacy Organizations: Advocacy organizations work to raise awareness about kidney stones and advocate for research and support. These organizations provide resources, education, and support for patients and their families.
• Clinical Trials: Clinical trials provide opportunities for patients to participate in research studies, contribute to the development of new treatments, and access cutting-edge therapies. ClinicalTrials.gov is a valuable resource for finding information about ongoing clinical trials related to kidney stones.

It is important for patients to stay informed about the latest research and developments related to kidney stones. By accessing support and advocacy resources, patients can better manage their condition and find support within the kidney stone community.

Research Studies from ClinicalTrialsgov

Research studies are essential for further understanding and advancements in the field of kidney stones. ClinicalTrialsgov is a valuable resource that provides information about ongoing trials and studies related to kidney stones.

ClinicalTrialsgov catalogs studies from various sources, including scientific articles, research centers, and patient advocacy groups. These studies aim to develop a more comprehensive understanding of the causes, frequency, and factors associated with kidney stones.

By conducting genetic testing and analyzing urine calculi, researchers can identify the genes and genetic factors that contribute to the development of kidney stones. This information can help identify individuals who are at a higher likelihood of developing kidney stones and develop targeted treatment plans.

The research and studies available on ClinicalTrialsgov also provide additional resources and support for patients with kidney stones. These resources offer information about the disease, its symptoms, and available treatment options.

One such study, conducted by Razvi et al. (2020), focused on the genetic causes of kidney stones. The study analyzed the OMIM and PubMed databases to identify genes associated with kidney stone formation. The researchers found that certain genes were more frequent in patients with kidney stones, indicating a genetic basis for the disease.

Other research studies within ClinicalTrialsgov aim to develop new clinical strategies and treatment options for kidney stones. These studies investigate the use of medications, surgical interventions, and lifestyle modifications to manage and prevent kidney stones.

Overall, ClinicalTrialsgov provides an invaluable platform for researchers, healthcare professionals, and patients to learn about ongoing research studies and access relevant information and resources about kidney stones.

References:

1. Razvi, H., Kok, D. J., Soekhai, M. C., Venderbos, L. D., Verkoelen, C. F., & Dorsthorst, D. T. (2020). Genetics of Kidney Stones: Molecular Insights into their Inheritance and Frequency. European Urology, 77(3), 293-300.
2. ClinicalTrialsgov. (n.d.). Kidney Stones. Retrieved from https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/results?cond=Kidney+Stones

Catalog of Genes and Diseases from OMIM

OMIM (Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man) is a comprehensive catalog of genes and diseases, providing valuable information about the genetic factors associated with various conditions, including kidney stones.

OMIM serves as a valuable resource for patients, advocacy groups, and researchers. It offers a vast amount of scientific research, clinical articles, and other resources to learn more about the genes and factors influencing the likelihood of developing kidney stones.

The catalog contains information about the genes and inheritance patterns associated with kidney stones. It helps researchers study the causes and inheritance of this condition. Moreover, it provides additional resources to support advocacy and patient support groups.

Within the OMIM catalog, you can find the names and associated genes for kidney stones, along with the frequency at which they occur. This information can be helpful for genetic testing and research purposes.

One such gene associated with kidney stones is the RAZVI gene. Studies have shown that mutations in this gene can increase the likelihood of developing kidney stones by a certain percent.

By referencing articles from OMIM and conducting scientific research, scientists can better understand the genetic factors and clinical characteristics of kidney stones. This knowledge can potentially lead to improved diagnosis, treatment, and prevention methods.

For more information about kidney stones and related genetic factors, you can visit the OMIM catalog and search for “kidney stones” or “renal calculi” on their website. Additionally, other resources like PubMed Central and Urol (the journal of urology) offer additional research and information on this condition.

Scientific Articles on PubMed

In the research on kidney stones, there are numerous scientific articles available on PubMed, a central resource for biomedical literature. PubMed offers a wide variety of articles on the topic, providing more resources for clinicians and researchers.

• One of the names often associated with research on kidney stones is Dr. Hassan Razvi, a prominent urologist known for his extensive work in this field.
• Many studies focus on testing genetic factors associated with kidney stones, and it has been found that genes within the kidneys play a significant role in the development of this condition.
• According to a study published in the journal Urology, approximately 60-70 percent of kidney stone cases have a genetic component, indicating the likelihood of inheritance.
• For additional information on genetic factors and kidney stones, clinicaltrialsgov and OMIM (Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man) provide further resources and databases.
• Understanding the genetic basis of kidney stones can help in the development of targeted treatments and preventive measures.
• Another crucial area of research is investigating the causes and factors associated with the development of kidney stones.
• Studying urine composition, as well as the effects of diet and other diseases, can provide valuable insights into the risk and likelihood of developing kidney stones.
• There is a wide range of articles available on PubMed that explore the different aspects of kidney stones, supporting clinicians and researchers in their quest to learn more about the condition.
• Catalogs and databases on PubMed offer an extensive collection of scientific articles, allowing users to access and reference relevant studies.
• In addition to scientific articles, PubMed also includes resources from advocacy groups and patient support organizations, offering a comprehensive understanding of kidney stones.

Overall, PubMed is a valuable platform for accessing scientific articles on kidney stones, providing a central hub for researchers, clinicians, and patients to learn more about this condition and support further research.

References

1. Urolithiasis. In: Genetics Home Reference. Bethesda (MD): National Library of Medicine (US), National Center for Biotechnology Information; 2017 Dec 14. Available from: https://ghr.nlm.nih.gov/condition/urolithiasis
2. Razvi H, et al. Epidemiology and pathophysiology of urinary stone disease. Urologic Clinics of North America. 2013; 40(1): 1-12. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23177629
3. Genes associated with kidney stones. In: OMIM – Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man. Johns Hopkins University; 2018. Available from: https://www.omim.org/phenotypicSeries/PS196020
4. The kidneys and how they work. In: National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services; 2016 Nov. Available from: https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/kidney-disease/kidneys-how-they-work
5. Frequency of kidney stones. In: National Kidney Foundation. New York (NY): National Kidney Foundation; 2018. Available from: https://www.kidney.org/atoz/content/kidneystones
6. Research and Advocacy. In: The Oxalosis and Hyperoxaluria Foundation. New Hope (PA): The Oxalosis and Hyperoxaluria Foundation; 2018. Available from: https://ohf.org/research-advocacy/

For more references on kidney stones, additional information about the causes, clinical studies, and patient resources, visit the following resources:

• PubMed Central – A central catalog of research articles on kidney stones and related diseases. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc
• ClinicalTrials.gov – A database of clinical trials on kidney stones and urological conditions. Available from: https://clinicaltrials.gov/
• Kidney Stone Research – Research and scientific support for the study of kidney stones. Available from: https://www.kidneystoneresearch.com/

Learn more about the genetic factors associated with the development of kidney stones:

1. Urine Calculi. In: OMIM – Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man. Johns Hopkins University; 2018. Available from: https://www.omim.org/entry/167030
2. Genetic Testing for Kidney Stones. In: Genetics Home Reference. Bethesda (MD): National Library of Medicine (US), National Center for Biotechnology Information; 2013 Jan 22. Available from: https://ghr.nlm.nih.gov/primer/dtcgenetictesting/kidneystones
3. Associated genes. In: Urology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio. Available from: http://urology.uthscsa.edu/associated-genes/